
Meera Satheesh
Theories of Architecture & Urbanism (ARC 3233)
THE IMAGE OF THE CITY
PROJECT PART I: IDENTIFYING 5 ELEMENTS
For Project 1, we were required to present an in-depth and analytical research study on the chosen area, which in this case is USJ 21, Subang Jaya, based on the exploration of 'The Image of the City (1960)' by the famous Kevin Lynch. The project consisted of 2 parts; the first is to identify Lynch’s 5 elements; path, edges, districts, nodes and landmarks within a selected city and the second part is to produce an essay with a cognitive map of the city.
Through this project, we'll get to ;
1.Analyse architecture and urban forms in relation to relevant architectural theories
2.Analyse and critique the relationship between architecture and its social, cultural and intellectual context
3.Produce, orally and in writing, a critical interpretation of architecture and urbanism in relation to relevant theories within the contemporary discourse of architecture
Lynch's most famous work, The Image of the City (1960), is the result of a five-year study on how observers take in information of the city. Using three disparate American cities as examples (Boston, Jersey City and Los Angeles), Lynch reported that users understood their surroundings in consistent and predictable ways, forming mental maps with five elements: ï‚·
1. paths, the streets, sidewalks, trails, and other channels in which people travel; ï‚·
2. edges, perceived boundaries such as walls, buildings, and shorelines; ï‚·
3. districts, relatively large sections of the city distinguished by some identity or character; ï‚·
4. nodes, focal points, intersections or loci; ï‚·
5. landmarks, readily identifiable objects which serve as external reference points
Final Submission Layout
![]() FRONT PAGE.jpg | ![]() PATHS.jpg | ![]() NODES.jpg |
---|---|---|
![]() DISTRICT.jpg | ![]() EDGES.jpg | ![]() LANDMARK.jpg |
PROJECT PART 2: AN ILLUSTRATED ESSAY WITH A COGNITIVE MAPPING OF SELECTED URBAN SPACES


Part 2 of the project requires students to create cognitive mapping of selected significant urban spaces in the city of KL to understand peoples’ perception and spatial behaviour in cities today. Using the cognitive maps students are required to present a critical understanding of emerging contemporary urbanism in KL city spaces (in relations to Kevin Lynch notions of imageability and how it influences people’s perception of the city.
The site which was given to us was Petaling Street, Kuala Lumpur and 3 participants were carefully selected amongst the many interviewed for the mapping analysis. The mapping drawn were analysed and a comparative description and similarities were identified and written in an essay form. A cognitive map based on their perception as well as our personal perception were drawn by us to clearly show the area as a whole.
The mapping should contain:
1. human facets (memory, identity etc ),
2. spatial and temporal dynamics (traffic, people’s paths, barriers, etc.),
3. architecture (stairs, benches, trees, etc.),
4. microstructures (texture, material).
SUBMISSION : 2000 words illustrated essay with 1A3 size cognitive mapping of Petaling Street, Kuala Lumpur